Anatomy & Physiology 200 Important MCQs Type One Word Q/A

What is Anatomy? Anatomy is the study of the structure of living organisms.
What is Physiology? Physiology is the study of the function of living organisms.
What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology? Anatomy is the study of the structure of living organisms, while Physiology is the study of the function of living organisms.
What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.
What is the Cell? A cell is the basic unit of life.
What is the Plasma Membrane? The plasma membrane is the outermost layer of the cell that separates the cell from its environment.
What is the Nucleus? The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains the genetic material.
What is Cytoplasm? The cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell where the organelles are located.
What is the Mitochondria? The mitochondria are the organelles responsible for producing energy in the cell.
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes inside the cell that is responsible for the transport of materials.
What is the Golgi Apparatus? The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that is responsible for packaging and distributing proteins.
What is the Lysosome? The lysosome is an organelle that contains enzymes that break down waste materials.
What is the Cytoskeleton? The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that provides structural support to the cell.
What is Tissue? A tissue is a group of cells that have a similar structure and function.
What is Epithelial Tissue? Epithelial tissue is a type of tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines the internal organs.
What is Connective Tissue? Connective tissue is a type of tissue that provides support and protection to the body.
What is Muscle Tissue? Muscle tissue is a type of tissue that is responsible for movement.
What is Nervous Tissue? Nervous tissue is a type of tissue that is responsible for transmitting information throughout the body.
What is an Organ? An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
What is the Integumentary System? The integumentary system is the system that includes the skin, hair, and nails.
What is the Skeletal System? The skeletal system is the system that includes the bones and cartilage.
What is the Muscular System? The muscular system is the system that includes the muscles.
What is the Nervous System? The nervous system is the system that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
What is the Endocrine System? The endocrine system is the system that includes the glands that secrete hormones.
What is the Cardiovascular System? The cardiovascular system is the system that includes the heart and blood vessels.
What is the Lymphatic System? The lymphatic system is the system that includes the lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and lymphoid organs.
What is the Respiratory System? The respiratory system is the system that includes the lungs and airways.
What is the Digestive System? The digestive system is the system that includes the organs involved in the digestion of food.
What is the Urinary System? The urinary system is the system that includes the kidneys and urinary tract.
What is the Reproductive System? The reproductive system is the system that includes the organs involved in reproduction.

What is the Pituitary Gland? The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland located at the base of the brain that secretes hormones that control various body functions.
What is the Thyroid Gland? The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland located in the neck that secretes hormones that regulate metabolism.
What is the Adrenal Gland? The adrenal gland is an endocrine gland located on top of the kidneys that secretes hormones that regulate stress response.
What is the Pancreas? The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, such as insulin.
What is the Liver? The liver is an organ located in the upper right part of the abdomen that performs many vital functions, such as filtering blood and producing bile.
What is the Spleen? The spleen is an organ located in the upper left part of the abdomen that plays a role in the immune system and the filtering of blood.
What is the Gallbladder? The gallbladder is a small organ located under the liver that stores and releases bile.
What is the Small Intestine? The small intestine is the portion of the digestive tract that is responsible for the absorption of nutrients.
What is the Large Intestine? The large intestine is the portion of the digestive tract that is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes and the elimination of waste.
What is the Esophagus? The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
What is the Stomach? The stomach is a muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus and breaks it down with acid and enzymes.
What is the Duodenum? The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where the digestion of food continues.
What is the Jejunum? The jejunum is the middle part of the small intestine where the absorption of nutrients occurs.
What is the Ileum? The ileum is the last part of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine.
What is the Rectum? The rectum is the final portion of the large intestine where feces are stored before elimination.
What is the Anus? The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract where feces are eliminated.
What is Respiration? Respiration is the process by which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body.
What is Breathing? Breathing is the physical act of inhaling and exhaling air.
What is Gas Exchange? Gas exchange is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the body and the environment.
What is the Alveoli? The alveoli are the small sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.
What is the Diaphragm? The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and plays a role in breathing.
What is Blood Pressure? Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.
What is the Systolic Pressure? The systolic pressure is the highest pressure in the arteries during a heartbeat.
What is the Diastolic Pressure? The diastolic pressure is the lowest pressure in the arteries between heartbeats.
What is the Cardiovascular System? The cardiovascular system is the system that includes the heart and blood vessels.
What is the Heart? The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
What is the Aorta? The aorta is the largest artery in the body that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

What is the Superior Vena Cava? The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries blood from the upper body back to the heart.
What is the Inferior Vena Cava? The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries blood from the lower body back to the heart.
What is the Pulmonary Artery? The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
What is the Pulmonary Vein? The pulmonary vein is the vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.
What is the Coronary Artery? The coronary artery is the artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle itself.
What is the Lymphatic System? The lymphatic system is the system that includes the lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and lymphatic organs, such as the spleen and thymus.
What is Lymph? Lymph is the fluid that is collected and transported by the lymphatic system.
What are Lymph Nodes? Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and contain immune cells.
What is the Immune System? The immune system is the system that protects the body against pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
What are Antibodies? Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that can recognize and neutralize specific pathogens.
What are Antigens? Antigens are substances that can stimulate the production of antibodies by the immune system.
What are T Cells? T cells are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the immune response.
What are B Cells? B cells are a type of white blood cell that produce antibodies.
What is the Nervous System? The nervous system is the system that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and plays a role in communication and control throughout the body.
What is the Central Nervous System? The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
What is the Peripheral Nervous System? The peripheral nervous system is the part of the nervous system that includes the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.
What is a Neuron? A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses.
What is a Synapse? A synapse is the junction between two neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted.
What is a Neurotransmitter? A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance that is released by a neuron and transmits signals to other neurons or cells.
What is a Hormone? A hormone is a chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland that is transported through the bloodstream to target organs and tissues.
What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment.
What is the Kidney? The kidney is an organ responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
What is Urine? Urine is the liquid waste product produced by the kidneys.
What is the Bladder? The bladder is an organ that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body.
What is the Urethra? The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
What is the Reproductive System? The reproductive system is the system that includes the organs and structures involved in reproduction.
What is the Ovary? The ovary is the female reproductive organ that produces eggs.
What is the Testis? The testis is the male reproductive organ that produces sperm.

What is Sperm? Sperm is the male reproductive cell that fertilizes the female egg.
What is an Egg? An egg is the female reproductive cell that can be fertilized by a sperm to produce an embryo.
What is the Fallopian Tube? The fallopian tube is a tube that connects the ovary to the uterus and is the site of fertilization.
What is the Uterus? The uterus is the organ in which a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus.
What is the Vagina? The vagina is a muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body and is the site of sexual intercourse and childbirth.
What is Menstruation? Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining that occurs in females of reproductive age who are not pregnant.
What is Fertilization? Fertilization is the process by which a sperm cell and an egg cell combine to form a zygote.
What is Pregnancy? Pregnancy is the period of time during which a fetus develops in the uterus.
What is Labor? Labor is the process of childbirth, during which the fetus is expelled from the uterus.
What is Breastfeeding? Breastfeeding is the process of feeding a newborn with breast milk.
What is Digestion? Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body.
What is the Mouth? The mouth is the first part of the digestive system, where food is ingested and begins to be broken down.
What is the Esophagus? The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.
What is the Stomach? The stomach is a muscular organ that continues the process of breaking down food with acid and enzymes.
What is the Small Intestine? The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system and is where most nutrients are absorbed.
What is the Large Intestine? The large intestine is the part of the digestive system where water is absorbed and waste material is stored before elimination.
What is the Liver? The liver is an organ that plays a role in digestion, metabolism, and detoxification.
What is the Gallbladder? The gallbladder is an organ that stores and releases bile, which aids in the digestion of fats.
What is the Pancreas? The pancreas is an organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin.
What is Metabolism? Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life.
What is Energy? Energy is the ability to do work, and is required for all biological processes.
What is ATP? ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular processes.
What is Cellular Respiration? Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert nutrients into ATP.
What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
What is a Chromosome? A chromosome is a structure in the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic information.
What is DNA? DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that carries genetic information.
What is a Gene? A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein.
What is a Protein? A protein is a large, complex molecule made up of amino acids that plays a variety of roles in the body.

What is Transcription? Transcription is the process by which DNA is used as a template to synthesize RNA.
What is Translation? Translation is the process by which the information in RNA is used to synthesize a protein.
What is Mitosis? Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
What is Meiosis? Meiosis is the process by which cells divide to produce gametes (sperm or egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.
What is a Hormone? A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by the endocrine system that regulates various physiological processes in the body.
What is the Endocrine System? The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce hormones and regulate various physiological processes in the body.
What is the Nervous System? The nervous system is a complex network of neurons that transmit signals throughout the body to control various physiological processes.
What is a Neuron? A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system.
What is the Brain? The brain is the control center of the nervous system and is responsible for regulating various physiological processes in the body.
What is the Spinal Cord? The spinal cord is a long, thin bundle of nerve fibers that extends from the brain and is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
What is the Peripheral Nervous System? The peripheral nervous system is the part of the nervous system that is outside of the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for transmitting signals between the body and the central nervous system.
What is Sensory Input? Sensory input is the information that is received by the sensory organs and transmitted to the brain for processing.
What is Motor Output? Motor output is the response that is generated by the brain and transmitted through the nervous system to control muscles or other effectors.
What is a Reflex? A reflex is an automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus that is mediated by the nervous system.
What is the Respiratory System? The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide from the body.
What is Breathing? Breathing is the process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide.
What is the Trachea? The trachea is a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi and is responsible for carrying air to and from the lungs.
What are the Lungs? The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system and are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.
What is the Cardiovascular System? The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body.
What is Blood? Blood is a fluid connective tissue that is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What is the Heart? The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
What is Blood Pressure? Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels.
What is the Lymphatic System? The lymphatic system is responsible for returning excess fluid and proteins from the tissues to the circulatory system.
What are Lymph Nodes? Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and contain immune cells that help to fight infection.
What is the Immune System? The immune system is responsible for defending the body against infection and disease.
What is an Antibody? An antibody is a protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and neutralizes specific pathogens.

What is an Antigen? An antigen is a foreign substance, such as a virus or bacterium, that triggers an immune response.
What are White Blood Cells? White blood cells are immune cells that help to defend the body against infection and disease.
What is the Digestive System? The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.
What is the Mouth? The mouth is the beginning of the digestive system and is responsible for chewing and breaking down food.
What is the Esophagus? The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and is responsible for transporting food to the stomach.
What is the Stomach? The stomach is a muscular sac that mixes and grinds food and secretes acid and enzymes to help break down food.
What is the Small Intestine? The small intestine is a long, narrow tube that is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the digested food.
What is the Large Intestine? The large intestine is a wider tube that is responsible for absorbing water from the undigested food and forming feces.
What is the Liver? The liver is a large, complex organ that is responsible for producing bile, which helps to digest fats.
What is the Pancreas? The pancreas is a gland that produces hormones and enzymes that help to digest food.
What is the Urinary System? The urinary system is responsible for removing waste products from the body and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
What are the Kidneys? The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.
What is the Bladder? The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine until it is ready to be eliminated from the body.
What is the Reproductive System? The reproductive system is responsible for producing offspring.
What is the Male Reproductive System? The male reproductive system is responsible for producing and delivering sperm.
What are Testes? The testes are two oval-shaped glands that produce sperm and the male hormone testosterone.
What is the Female Reproductive System? The female reproductive system is responsible for producing and nurturing eggs and supporting the development of a fetus.
What are Ovaries? The ovaries are two small, oval-shaped organs that produce eggs and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.
What is the Uterus? The uterus is a muscular organ that supports the growth and development of a fetus during pregnancy.
What is Menstruation? Menstruation is the shedding of the lining of the uterus, which occurs approximately once a month in women who are not pregnant.
What is Fertilization? Fertilization is the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell to form a zygote.
What is Gestation? Gestation is the period of time during which a fetus develops inside the uterus.
What is Labor? Labor is the process by which a fetus is expelled from the uterus and delivered into the outside world.
What is Breastfeeding? Breastfeeding is the process by which a mother feeds her infant with milk produced from her breasts.
What is Aging? Aging is the natural process of growing older and experiencing physical and cognitive changes over time.
What is Death? Death is the cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.
What is Medical Terminology? Medical terminology is the language used by healthcare professionals to describe the body, its functions, and the various diseases and disorders that can affect it.

What is Anatomical Position? Anatomical position is a standardized position used in anatomical study where the body is standing erect, facing forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.
What is the Sagittal Plane? The sagittal plane is an imaginary plane that divides the body into left and right portions.
What is the Frontal Plane? The frontal plane is an imaginary plane that divides the body into front and back portions.
What is the Transverse Plane? The transverse plane is an imaginary plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.
What is the Dorsal Body Cavity? The dorsal body cavity is located on the back of the body and contains the cranial and vertebral cavities.
What is the Ventral Body Cavity? The ventral body cavity is located on the front of the body and contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
What is the Thoracic Cavity? The thoracic cavity is located in the chest and contains the heart, lungs, and other organs.
What is the Abdominopelvic Cavity? The abdominopelvic cavity is located in the abdomen and pelvis and contains the digestive, reproductive, and urinary organs.
What is the Integumentary System? The integumentary system is responsible for protecting the body from external damage and regulating body temperature.
What is the Skin? The skin is the largest organ of the body and is responsible for protecting the body, regulating temperature, and providing sensory information.
What are Sweat Glands? Sweat glands are responsible for producing sweat, which helps to regulate body temperature.
What is the Nervous System? The nervous system is responsible for coordinating and controlling body functions.
What are Neurons? Neurons are specialized cells that transmit signals throughout the nervous system.
What is the Central Nervous System? The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body.
What is the Peripheral Nervous System? The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body and is responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals.
What is the Autonomic Nervous System? The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
What is the Endocrine System? The endocrine system is responsible for producing hormones and regulating body functions.
What are Hormones? Hormones are chemical messengers produced by the endocrine system that regulate various bodily functions.
What is the Pituitary Gland? The pituitary gland is a small gland located in the brain that produces and secretes hormones that regulate many bodily functions.
What is the Thyroid Gland? The thyroid gland is a small gland located in the neck that produces hormones that regulate metabolism and growth.
What is the Adrenal Gland? The adrenal gland is a small gland located on top of the kidneys that produces hormones that regulate stress response and blood pressure.
What is the Cardiovascular System? The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body and delivering nutrients and oxygen to the tissues.
What is the Heart? The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
What are Blood Vessels? Blood vessels are tubular structures that transport blood throughout the body.
What is Blood Pressure? Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels.
What is the Respiratory System? The respiratory system is responsible for exchanging gases between the body and the environment.

What are the Lungs? The lungs are paired organs that are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.
What is the Trachea? The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the lungs to the mouth and nose.
What is the Digestive System? The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.
What is the Mouth? The mouth is the first part of the digestive system and is responsible for breaking down food mechanically and chemically.
What is the Stomach? The stomach is a muscular sac that is responsible for mixing and breaking down food.
What are the Small Intestines? The small intestines are a long, narrow tube that is responsible for absorbing nutrients from food.
What is the Large Intestine? The large intestine is a wider tube that is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from undigested food and forming feces.